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FILE SEARCHES
Searching for a website is fairly easy.
Searching for a single file or program across the wide expanse of
the Internet is another story.
Suppose you want to find a specific program, say a budget calculator
you read about in a magazine review. You know the name of the program
(for this example, "budcalc.zip"), but you forgot where
you could download it from, and you can't find the article. Time
to use a file searcher such as Gopher, Archie, Veronica, or WAIS.
Gopher is a document search and retrieval
system on the Internet. It's fairly easy to use and doesn't require
special software. Basically, it's a menu-driven system that narrows
down what you're looking for, then tells you where you can find
it. It is by no means comprehensive, and the results vary from Gopher
listing to Gopher listing (there are hundreds of them), but you'll
usually find something close to what you're looking for.
To use Gopher, you must first access a
Gopher site. Gopher site URLs look similar to website URLs, with
the exception that "gopher" replaces "http."
You'll commonly find Gopher sites through university and government
Internet sites. The University of Southern California's Gopher site
is a good one to start out with:
gopher://cwis.usc.edu
When you access a Gopher site, as noted
earlier, you'll be presented with a menu of choices. Select the
choice that is closest to what you are looking for, and you will
be presented with another menu of choices. Each menu you reach will
be narrower than the preceding one. In this way, you can manually
"zero in" on the information you're looking for.
For a complete guide on how to use Gopher,
access this FTP site:
ftp://ubvmsb.cc.buffalo.edu/internet/gophern/
If you want an automated search that you
don't have to manually work through, try Archie. Archie is a system
developed by two graduate students that scans FTP sites (which contain
downloadable files) for the program you want. In order to use Archie,
you'll need Archie software. America Online and Compuserve are implementing
Archie, and should have it by the time you read this. If you are
accessing the Internet on your own through a SLIP/PPP connection,
check with the manufacturer of your Internet software and/or your
Internet service provider for the program you should use. You should
be able to get an Archie program as shareware.
Be forewarned, an Archie search can take
a long time. Also, when our example search is completed, we have
a list of FTP sites that contain any file called "budcalc.zip."
We won't have any descriptions, so we just have to access an FTP
site from the list, download "budcalc.zip," and hope it's
the proper program. If not, try another site.
Veronica is an Archie-like search tool
that works with the Gopher system. When you go through the Gopher
menus, you'll probably see references to Veronica searches. If you
select a Veronica search, you will be Telnet'ed into a computer
containing Veronica software. You can then execute a search as you
would with Archie.
The final file search tool is WAIS, which
stands for Wide Area Information Servers. A WAIS search produces
results that are scored as to the similarity with your search criteria.
For example, if you were searching for a particular phrase ("To
be, or not to be, that is the question," for example), your
first reference in the results might have a score of 1000. That
means that the reference (probably a Shakespeare-related site or
file) contains the exact phrase you entered. Other references with
less precision will follow.
Finally, if you don't want to use a search
tool, and are just looking for files, there are a number of Internet
sites that contain huge numbers of files ready for downloading.
Many of these sites include file descriptions, but some do not.
Here are just a few examples of some of the "file dumps"
on the Net:
C-NET SEARCH: http://www.shareware.com
FILEPILE: http://www.filepile.com
JUMBO: http://www.jumbo.com/
SHARE: http://www.fagg.uni-lj.si/SHASE/
SIMTEL MIRROR: ftp://oak.oakland.edu